Gum Recession

Last updated: 20th June 2024

Written by Dr Zaeem Jafri

Causes | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment | Speak to a dentist

Gum recession is a common dental problem in which the gum tissue surrounding the teeth pulls back, exposing more of the tooth or its root. If not properly addressed, this can lead to sensitivity, decay, and even (rarely) tooth loss.

Understanding the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options is crucial for maintaining optimal oral health.

Let's dive into the details.

 

Gum recession occurs when the gums pull away from the teeth, creating pockets where bacteria can accumulate. It can happen gradually, so you might not notice it until the symptoms become more pronounced.

What is Gum recession?

Severe gum recession caused by gum disease

Minor localised gum recession affecting an upper molar tooth

Causes of Gum Recession

Several factors can contribute to gum recession, including:

  • Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing can lead to plaque buildup, which can cause gum disease and recession.

  • Aggressive Brushing: Brushing your teeth too hard or using a toothbrush with hard bristles can wear down the enamel and push the gums back. This is common when people use a manual toothbrush

  • Periodontal Disease: This is an infection of the gums caused by bacteria in plaque, leading to gum and bone loss around the teeth.

  • Genetics: Some people are more prone to gum disease due to their genetic makeup.

  • Hormonal Changes: Hormonal Fluctuations, such as during pregnancy, menopause, or puberty, can make gums more sensitive and prone to recession.

  • Tobacco Use: Smoking or using other forms of tobacco can cause gum recession due to its impact on gum tissue.

  • Misaligned Teeth or Bite: Abnormal tooth positioning can put excessive force on the gums and bone, contributing to recession.

  • Grinding and Clenching: These habits can exert too much force on the teeth, causing gums to recede.

  • Piercings: Oral piercings, such as lip or tongue piercings, can rub against the gums and cause recession over time.

  • Recreational drug use: Many recreational drugs are applied to your gums and can cause the sums to receive at the point where they are rubbed in.

Symptoms of Gum Recession

Recognising the symptoms of gum recession early can help you seek treatment before the condition worsens. Common signs include:

  • Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks

  • Teeth appearing longer than usual

  • Visible roots of the teeth

  • Red, swollen, or bleeding gums

  • Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth

  • Loose teeth

Diagnosing Gum Recession

Diagnosing gum recession is easy and done visually by a dentist or periodontist. During a dental check-up, the dentist will inspect the gums for signs of recession, such as visible tooth roots or gaps between the teeth and gums.

They may use a periodontal probe or ruler to measure the extent of the gum recession and also take 3D scans or pictures of the affected teeth.

Dental X-rays might be taken to assess bone loss and the overall health of the teeth's supporting structures.

Your dentist will review your dental and medical history to identify any risk factors or underlying conditions contributing to the recession. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of further gum damage.

The most important thing when it comes to recession is to find out the cause.

Gum recession of the lower left central incisor following orthodontic treatment with Invisalign

Treatment options for Gum Recession

If you have gum recession, several treatment options are available depending on the severity of the condition:

  1. Monitoring: Gum recession can be a historic thing and if it’s stable, not causing any symptoms or cosmetic issues you may decide to monitor the recession and leave it as it is.

  2. Deep Cleaning (Scaling and Root Planing): This non-surgical procedure removes plaque and tartar from below the gum line and smooths the root surfaces to help gums reattach to the tooth. This is done if your recession is underpinned by active gum disease.

  3. Gum Grafting: In more severe cases, a gum graft may be necessary. This involves taking gum tissue from another part of your mouth and attaching it to the affected area to cover exposed roots.

  4. Pinhole Surgical Technique: This minimally invasive procedure involves making a small hole in the gum tissue and gently repositioning it to cover the exposed roots.

  5. Regenerative Procedures: If gum recession has caused significant bone loss, regenerative procedures such as bone grafts or tissue-stimulating proteins may be used to encourage bone and tissue growth.

  6. Orthodontics: In cases where misaligned teeth are causing gum recession, orthodontic treatment can help correct the alignment and reduce the pressure on the gums.

Preventing Gum Recession

Preventing gum recession involves maintaining good oral hygiene and lifestyle changes to protect your gums. Here are some tips:

  1. Brush Gently: Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush your teeth gently in circular motions. Avoid aggressive scrubbing. Electric toothbrushes are much kinder to your gums and better for oral health.

  2. Regular Dental Visits: Schedule regular check-ups and cleanings with your dentist to catch and address issues early.

  3. Use Mouthguards: If you grind or clench your teeth, consider using a mouthguard at night to protect your teeth and gums.

  4. Quit Smoking: Tobacco use can exacerbate gum problems, so quitting smoking can improve your gum health.

  5. Balanced Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals to support oral health.

  6. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps keep your mouth clean and bacteria-free.

When to see a dentist about Gum Recession

If you notice any signs of gum recession, it's important to see your dentist promptly. Early intervention can prevent further damage and improve the chances of successful treatment.

Conclusion

Gum recession is a manageable condition with the right care and attention. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options, you can take proactive steps to protect your gums and maintain a healthy smile. Regular dental visits and good oral hygiene practices are key to preventing gum recession and ensuring overall oral health.

If you have any concerns about your gums, don't hesitate to consult with your dentist for personalised advice and treatment.

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